1. Depending on the context, it is usually one of the following two related concepts: Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another. Eco-efficiency was debated by the British Crop Protection Council (BCPC) Forum (2004) and by Atkinson & Wilkins (2004), but there is no single accepted definition of eco-efficiency.These two papers indicated that eco-efficiency is related to both ‘ecology’ and ‘economy’ and is concerned … In studying economic policies, it is always useful to study extreme cases. Microeconomics analyzes basic elements in the economy… Internal economies of scale can be because of technical improvements, managerial efficiency, financial ability, monopsony power, or access to large networks. Efficiency is a favourite objective of economists and administrators, but not … This paper reviews the current knowledge in the economics literature on the causal relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth, whether this relationship is uni-directional or bi-directional, and to what extent synergies appear to exist between fiscal decentralization, on the one hand, and economic growth, on the other. 1 Over the past decade most … Productive efficiency is not really achieved through tariff design, but through efficient remuneration of each … Economics (/ ɛ k ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ k s, iː k ə-/) is the social science that studies how people interact with value; in particular, the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. B) regulation of the invisible hand. Efficiency, in economics and organizational analysis, a measure of the input a system requires to achieve a specified output.A system that uses few resources to achieve its goals is efficient, in contrast to one that wastes much of its input. (a) What is eco-efficiency? D) maximizing equity. Introduction. There are four main streams of research on the economic efficiency of means of transport. Extreme cases are situations such as "What if we had a 100% income tax rate? ", or "What if we raised the minimum wage to $50.00 an hour?". Economic efficiency. After which, the net reduction in fuel cost due to this shortest path may be taken as an economic indicator of level of economic efficiency achieved… C) individuals seeking out opportunities that involve no risk. In most cases, economic efficiency is achieved through: A) incentives built into a market economy. The present paper is the result of the approach and research from a common perspective of two issues regarding economic development, with different time lengths: economic sustainability – one of the newest and most modern theories related to the meaning and context of economic development and economic efficiency … • Baseline results show that CO 2 emissions in Colombia will increase until 2050, with no stabilization achieved during this period.. Income Taxes and Extreme Cases . ; Productive efficiency… While wholly unrealistic, they do give very stark examples of what direction key economic … External economies are ones where companies can influence economic priorities, often leading to preferential treatment by governments. The most researched transport sector is the seaports. Four energy and economy-wide models under carbon mitigation scenarios are compared. 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